Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveNew-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is common, with rates up to 60%. POAF has been associated with early and late stroke, but its association with other cardiovascular outcomes is less known. The objective was to perform a meta-analysis of the studies reporting the association of POAF with perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients with cardiac surgery.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies that presented outcomes for cardiac surgery on the basis of the presence or absence of POAF. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed; 57 studies (246,340 patients) were selected. Perioperative mortality was the primary outcome. Inverse variance method and random model were performed. Leave-one-out analysis, subgroup analyses, and metaregression were conducted.ResultsPOAF was associated with perioperative mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-2.33), perioperative stroke (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.90-2.49), perioperative myocardial infarction (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54), perioperative acute renal failure (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.42-3.11), hospital (standardized mean difference, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.53-1.07) and intensive care unit stay (standardized mean difference, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.24-0.86), long-term mortality (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.40-1.69), long-term stroke (IRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46), and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (IRR, 4.73; 95% CI, 3.36-6.66).ConclusionsThe results suggest that POAF after cardiac surgery is associated with an increased occurrence of most short- and long-term cardiovascular adverse events. However, the causality of this association remains to be established.     

单孔胸腔镜下肺癌术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素分析北大核心

目的:探讨单孔胸腔镜下肺癌手术术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素。方法:本研究采用回顾性分析方法,回顾我院2018年01月至2019年12月原发性肺癌患者经单孔胸腔镜手术治疗的病例199例。按照术后胸腔引流时间分为两组,Ⅰ组(术后胸腔引流时间<5天)和Ⅱ组(术后胸腔引流时间≥5天)。对于影响术后胸腔引流时间的可能因素在两组间先采用单因素分析的方法筛选,再将筛选出来的对术后胸腔引流时间可能有意义的影响因素进行二项Logistic多因素回归分析。结果:经单因素分析及二项Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:年龄≥60岁、手术部位、肺段切除术、胸膜粘连、手术时间≥180 min、术后早期下床活动是术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:对于具有多个延长术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素的患者,应制定个体化管理方案,尽可能减少术后胸腔引流时间,减少住院天数,加快患者康复。     

What is the impact of zinc deficiency for pancreatectomies in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?

Backgroundand purpose: Zinc is an essential element for human health and plays an important role in metabolic, immunological and other biological processes. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the perioperative clinical course in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsOf 216 patients with PDAC who underwent elective pancreatectomy between 2013 and 2017 at our institution, 206 patients with sufficient clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The perioperative variables were compared and the risk factors associated with infectious complications were identified.ResultsZD was preoperatively present in 36 (17.5%) of 206 patients with PDAC. In the patients of the ZD group, a higher proportion of males, higher preoperative modified Glasgow prognostic scores, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a higher occurrence of postoperative infectious complications after pancreatectomy were observed, compared to the non-ZD group. By a univariate analysis, three risk factors were significantly associated with infectious complications after pancreatectomy: ZD (vs non-ZD: p = 0.002), serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (vs ≥ 3.5 g/dl: p = 0.005), and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (vs others: p = 0.013). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of infectious complications was significantly associated with ZD (OR 3.430, 95%CI 1.570 to 7.490, p = 0.002) and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR 2.030, 95%CI 1.090 to 3.770, p = 0.025).ConclusionsThe current study newly demonstrated that ZD could serve as a preoperative predictor of infectious complications after pancreatectomies in the patients with PDAC.     

The Importance of Quality Perioperative Patient Education

Surgical patients, both inpatient and outpatient, need perioperative education in order to know how to prepare for surgery and what they can expect in the days following their surgical procedure. Quality perioperative patient education not only improves postoperative patient outcomes, but contributes as well to high patient satisfaction scores, which are currently tied to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursements. This paper will demonstrate the importance of patient education and describe some perioperative Internet-based resources.     

原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析

目的:探究原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析。方法:对广州市番禺区中医院2017年2月-2019年2月收治的原发性肝癌患者98例进行回顾性分析,依据各项临床指标分析手术切除术后早期复发的影响因素。结果:原发性肝癌患者经由手术切除后出现复发的可能性较高,同时手术切缘有残留、包膜不完整、肿瘤结节、心理因素、甲胎蛋白、血管侵犯、肝硬化及肿瘤直径等均是影响原发性肝癌手术期后再复发的高危因素。结论:原发性肝癌通常具有术后复发的生物学特性,依据对手术切除术之后早期复发因素的分析,对手术风险与治疗方案进行充分评估,同时要求患者进行定期复查及随访等工作,可对患者手术成功以及并发症的防治等均具有积极意义。     

多学科会诊模式在结肠癌手术患者中的应用效果

目的分析多学科会诊(MDT)模式对结肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复及并发症的效果评价。方法将2017年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者作为对照组,给予常规干预措施;将2018年1月至12月收治的50例结肠癌患者为观察组,采取MDT模式干预。比较两组患者的胃肠功能恢复情况及一般围手术期指标;干预前和干预后2周,采用世界卫生组织生存质量评估量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估两组患者的生活质量;术后3天,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者腹胀发生情况;比较两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、禁食时间、伤口愈合时间、住院时间、术后下床时间均短于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。干预后2周,两组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均高于本组干预前,且观察组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域及总体健康评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3天,观察组患者的腹胀程度低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为6.0%,低于对照组患者的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论MDT模式干预可促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,缩短伤口愈合时间及住院时间,降低术后并发症发生率,并改善了患者的生活质量。     

胸腺瘤术后辅助放疗的现状及进展

手术切除是胸腺瘤最重要的治疗手段,然而,术后辅助放疗的作用一直存在不同争议。二维放疗时代多数获益不明显,精准放疗技术已使肿瘤放疗发生了较大的变化,胸腺瘤术后放疗价值也可能在改变。目前,放疗在手术切缘阳性或无法行手术切除者的作用是肯定的;在完整手术切除者中,Masaoka-Koga分期Ⅰ期患者无需术后辅助放疗,Ⅱ期患者术后辅助放疗作用争议较大,如果放疗宜考虑Ⅱb期、大体积、B2/B3型等因素;Ⅲ期术后辅助放疗也存在争议,但是多数结果倾向行术后放疗。术后辅助放疗宜采用精准放疗技术,照射范围建议瘤床三维外扩0.5 cm,肿瘤累及的纵隔胸膜及沿纵隔胸膜前后、头脚方向0.5～1.0 cm,肺侧纵隔胸膜为0.5 cm以内,以及肿瘤周血管壁和部分血管间隙,避免包括过多的正常组织。剂量在完全切除时为45~50Gy,非完全切除为54~60Gy或稍高,可能会使放疗获益增加和风险下降。质子、重离子等新型放疗技术的应用可获得剂量学方面的优势,是否能转化为临床获益还需进一步探究。